Chemistry notes liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces. Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces section 10 of general chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 101 through page 1018 and covers all youll need to know on the following lecturetextbook topics section 10 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces 101 three states of matter. Difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces. Intermolecular and surface forces download free epub, pdf. Author contact information is available from the editor at editor. Some chemical compounds have an intermediate liquid crystal phase in. The attractive forces are stronger for ionic substances than for molecular ones the intermolecular forces of the remaining substances depend on molecular weight, polarity, and hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular forces of attraction worksheets lesson. Intermolecular interactions are based on the structural features of their particles.
Explain the difference between a chemical bond and an intermolecular force. The first brought things together while the second caused them to part. A guide to intermolecular force teaching approach in grade 10 learners studied covalent bonding, ionic bonding and metallic bonding. Two areas in the ap chemistry curriculum were explored in this question. The aim of this sciencestruck post is to put forth the concept of how different intermolecular forces work along with some examples for a better understanding of the concept.
A study of the intermolecular forces in candy dye molecules doi. The strength of these intermolecular forces is directly related to. Pdf teaching intermolecular forces with love analogy. Under appropriate conditions, the attractions between all gas molecules will cause them to form liquids or solids. This simple theory assumes molecules only have one ionization potential and does not take into account solvent effect. Link types of intermolecular forces to properties of a compound. Intermolecular forces moleculesatoms can stick to each other. Intermolecular forces are the forces that act between molecules the type of intermolecular force in a substance, will depend on the nature of the molecules polar molecules have an unequal distribution of charge, meaning that one part of the molecule is slightly positive and the other part is slightly negative. Intramolecular and intermolecular forces chemistry, table. A high melting point indicates strong attractive forces.
The aim was to teach the concept of intermolecular forces in a way that is. Intermolecular and intramolecular forces are the two types of forces that hold individual molecules and atoms together. Intramolecular forces operate within each molecule, influencing the chemical properties of the substance. This fully editable 9 slide intermolecular forces chemistry lesson package covers the four types of intermolecular forces, dispersion forces, molecular dipole, dipoledipole forces, the effects of intermolecular forces on melting and boiling points and hydrogen bonds. Ial intermolecular forces notes igcse and ial chemistry. Londondispersion forces these are the weakest of all intermolecular forces. Chapter 10 intermolecular forces 11 intramolecular and intermolecular forces intramolecular forces operate within each molecule, influencing the chemical properties of the substance i. There are three principal types of intermolecular forces dipoledipole forces, hydrogen bonding, and london forces. Hydrogen bonds are a much stronger type of intermolecular force than those found in many other substances, and this affects the properties of water. Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a.
Both types of forces determine the chemical and physical characteristics of substances. The properties of chemical systems are strongly affected by the forces that act between molecules in these systems. If the molecules have very different molar masses by a factor of 2 or. Dispersion, dipoledipole, hydrogen bonding, and iondipole. What are the most important intermolecular forces between the following molecules and atoms. Intermolecular forces practice exam 1ch4g 2naclaq 3h2og 4hgl 14. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, kara paden and others published sweet chemistry. Intermolecular forces forces between chemical species are important in biochemistry. This is due to intermolecular forces, not intramolecular forces. Examples of intermolecular forces are london dispersion forces ldf, dipoledipole forces ddf, and hydrogen bridging forces hbf. Among other things, intermolecular forces are important to hydrophilic waterloving and hydrophobic waterhating interactions. Ap chemistry notes 151 intermolecular forces intermolecular forces in addition to the covalent bonds that exist between atoms in a molecule h 2 o for instance, there are also weak attractions between the molecules themselves. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids lecture outline 11. These forces control the movement of molecules and atoms.
Include in your explanation how they work on the submicroscopic level. Worksheets are intermolecular forces work, intermolecular forces work, chemistry 20 intermolecular forces work, types of intermolecular forces, forces of attractions supplemental work, intermolecular forces, work 15, intermolecular force work key. Carnuba wax, dye molecules, food chemistry, intermolecular forces, solvent interactions this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4. Intermolecular attractive forces hold molecules together in the liquid state. Strengths of intermolecular forces as mentioned above, intermolecular forces are much weaker than chemical bonds. Larger molecules are more polarizable than smaller molecules since. In part a students were asked to identify the intermolecular forces between glucose molecules in pure glucose ai and between. In grade 11, learners will have already studied atomic combinations and molecular structure in more detail. Home honors chemistry ap chemistry contact intermolecular forces. Paper clip floating on water due to surface tension. Intermolecular forces definition, types, explanation. Intermolecular forces are weak attractive forces between molecules.
Although there are some trends in the relative strengths of these interactions, the specific structure and size of the particles involved. A study of the intermolecular forces in candy dye molecules find, read and cite all. Intermolecular and surface forces download free epub, pdf this book describes the roles of various intermolecular and interparticle forces in determining the properties of simple systems such as gases, liquids, and solids, of more complex colloidal, polymeric, and biological systems. List a set of substances in order of strength of intermolecular forces, boiling point, or vapor pressure based on their lewis structure. These are the forces that hold the atoms in a molecule. However, when you compare intermolecular forces to each other, you can see based on what i mentioned above that london dispersion forces are the weakest, followed by dipoledipole forces, and then hydrogen bonds are the strongest. Describe the effect of different intermolecular forces on boiling point and vapor pressure. Surface tension, viscosity, and capillary action surface tension, capillary action, and viscosity are unique properties of liquids that depend on the nature of intermolecular interactions.
The polar molecule induces a temporary dipole in the nonpolar molecule. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids cengage. Chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids. The attractive forces are stronger for ionic substances than for molecular ones the intermolecular forces of the remaining substances depend on. Note that the diagram on the left only shows intermolecular forces. In contrast, intramolecular forces act within molecules intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces. A simple explanation of intermolecular forces with. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. Intermolecular forces forces of attraction and repulsion between molecules that hold molecules, ions, and atoms together. Intermolecular forces are required to make molecules stick together, and they are the reason why compounds with differing chemical properties have different physical properties. Compare the relative amounts of energy involved in the forming and breaking of these forces. When a substance melts or boils, intermolecular forces are broken. Determine the strongest type of intermolecular force experienced by a substance given its lewis structure. Intramolecular forces are those within the molecule that keep the molecule together, for example, the bonds between the atoms.
Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kineticmolecular theory. Purely electrostatic coulomb force interactions between. The chemistry of water intermolecular forces siyavula. The london dispersion forces among molecules of cs 2 l are stronger because cs 2 has a larger, more polarizable electron cloud than cos. The first one is called london forces, also known as dispersion forces the second one is dipoledipole interaction and finally, the third one is hydrogen bonding.
When a substances condenses, intermolecular forces are formed. Induced dipoleinduced dipole interaction london dispesion cont. Ap chemistry 2006 scoring guidelines college board. Intermolecular forces list the substances bacl 2, h 2, co, hf, and ne in order of increasing boiling points. Chapter 12 intermolecular first page of chapter forces and. Intermolecular forces intermolecular forces are mainly responsible for the physical characteristics of substances. Intermolecular and covalent bonds interatomic forces in water.
1318 1291 969 1306 813 1268 53 1049 1469 622 1484 982 6 899 1024 264 1050 1044 1344 765 281 118 1464 244 661 1001 208 1230 1424 1458 229 644 492 205 909 1298 560 1260 600 876 761 662 576 319 1292